How Ukraine's Naval Drones Are Remaking War at Sea

Ukraine's uncrewed naval campaign has progressed from explosive speedboats used in one-way attacks to more versatile platforms able to carry sensors, weapons and smaller aerial systems. These craft have forced Russia to change Black Sea basing, patrol and harbor-defense practices while giving Ukraine a way to threaten ships despite lacking a conventional fleet. The approach is attracting international interest because relatively inexpensive autonomous vessels can distribute risk and complicate coastal defense, although their effectiveness still depends on intelligence, communications, adaptation and the ability to overcome electronic and physical countermeasures.