Russian Geran Drones Gain Optical Navigation That Ukraine Struggles to Jam

Ukraine's Defence Intelligence reported that upgraded Russian Geran-4 attack drones and the Geran-5 K5 variant incorporate Susanin electro-optical navigation. The system compares camera images with stored reference imagery to follow a programmed route alongside satellite and inertial navigation, reducing dependence on external navigation signals. The inspected Geran-4 also contains a magnetometer module linked to its SADRA inertial system, a new shaped-charge cutting warhead and a Russian-produced replacement for the Chinese Telefly turbojet. The intelligence disclosure documents component changes in recovered drones, without providing a quantified assessment of their resistance to Ukrainian electronic countermeasures.