TOPIC
Space Domain Awareness
Military space surveillance and counter-space capabilities — SDA constellations, anti-satellite tests, and orbital threat tracking.
Military activity in orbit is now a contested operational domain. The U.S. Space Force, established in 2019, fields Space Surveillance Network sensors and is deploying the Space Development Agency's Proliferated Warfighter Space Architecture — Tranches 0 and 1 already on-orbit, with Tranche 2 launching through 2026. Counterspace capabilities are proliferating: Russia's Cosmos 2553 and the suspected nuclear-ASAT programme that prompted the February 2024 disclosure, plus Beijing's Shijian-21 grappler that physically relocated a derelict satellite in 2022. Space-based ISR, missile-warning, and PNT constellations are now first-day targets in any major-power conflict, raising deterrence-by-resilience as a doctrinal priority.
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